What is the function of Rho(D) immune globulin during pregnancy?

The function of Rho(D) immune globulin during pregnancy is to prevent Rh sensitization in Rh-negative mothers. This is particularly critical when an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus, as the Rh-positive blood cells can enter the mother's circulation during delivery or other events, leading to the development of antibodies against Rh-positive blood cells. If these antibodies form, they can cross the placenta in future pregnancies and attack the red blood cells of an Rh-positive fetus, potentially resulting in hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Rho(D) immune globulin works by binding to any Rh-positive cells that may have entered the mother's bloodstream, preventing the mother's immune system from recognizing them as foreign and subsequently forming harmful antibodies. By administering Rho(D) immune globulin during and/or after pregnancy, healthcare providers effectively reduce the risk of sensitization and protect both current and future pregnancies. This preventative measure is crucial in managing pregnancies involving an Rh incompatibility scenario and has greatly improved outcomes for Rh-positive infants born to Rh-negative mothers.